Hi,
I tried to find out via ETK what type of sensor/gauge BMW uses to measure fluid level (or at least fluid appearance) on F30/F31, but without any success.
I believe the common nominator seems to be that the failure occurs mainly during cold weather i.e. sub zero. I suspect it is a conductive sensor, but I'll eventually check it out at the workshop later on next week.
I have the Touring model (F31), and I've also experienced that the rear window nozzle doesn't spray any fluid when the low level warning light is lit. Not sure whether that applies at all times when warning appears, but I'll keep it under supervision.
I'm currently driving in cold snowy weather conditions so the warnings are frequent - and annoying...